Create Stunning Pottery With A Rustic Look
Introduction to Oxide Washes in Ceramics
Ceramics are one of the oldest and most beloved forms of art, with enthusiasts spanning cultures and generations. The beauty of ceramics is not only in their form but also in the variety of colors, textures, and finishes you can achieve through different techniques. Using an oxide wash is one such technique that can create unique and stunning effects on ceramics.
Be sure to try this technique!
In this article, we will explore iron oxide washes and how to use them to create beautiful ceramic pieces that capture the imagination.
If you’re a potter looking to use Red Iron Oxide in your work, you’ve come to the right place! Red Iron Oxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in ceramics because of its rich reddish-brown color. It is often used as a wash to add bold hues to your pottery and highlight the texture. An oxide wash is a watered-down mixture of pigment that can be brushed or sprayed onto clay surfaces before firing. The wash creates an earthy, rustic look that can range from subtle to bold, depending on the amount and application method used. Red iron oxide wash can be used on both greenware and bisque and can be applied alone or in combination with other colors.
Going forward, I’ll be referring to Red Iron Oxide as just Iron Oxides or Oxides (as there is more than just red iron oxide in color and oxides consist of different minerals) IE Copper, or Manganese.
I made you a quick video if visuals are more your thing!
Check it out!
Safety First
- Inhalation of iron oxide dust can cause respiratory problems. It’s important to wear a respirator mask when mixing. Also working in a well-ventilated area when using iron oxides is recommended.
- Avoid skin contact with oxides, as they can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some people. Wear gloves and protective clothing when handling it, and avoid eating or drinking in the workspace.
How To Mix
- An oxide wash can be made by mixing the pigment powder with water in a 1:10 ratio. The mixture should be stirred thoroughly to ensure that the pigment is completely dispersed in the water. If the mixture is too thick, more water can be added. “They say” it’s important to mix only the amount of wash that will be used immediately, as the pigment can settle quickly to the bottom of the container. More on this later.
The Application
- Before applying an iron oxide wash, the clay surface should be clean and dry. The wash can be applied using a brush, a spray bottle, or by dipping the piece into the mixture. The wash should be allowed to dry completely before firing. I apply it with a small or medium paintbrush.
- BE CAREFUL! Once the oxide touches the bisque ware IT WON’T COME OFF so be mindful of where and how you apply it.
Side Note
This mixing ratio is not set in stone. I have made it where it’s quite thick and I just water it down when I go to use it. The thicker the paste, the more intense color you will have in the end. It’s pretty potent so no need to make a paste and waste product. A little goes a long way. Also, I have let it dry up in the container as the water evaporated over time, I just reconstitute it with distilled water and use it again.
Oxide washes can be applied over the texture on the surface of a piece with a brush or sponge. Once dry, the surface can be wiped back to reveal the texture underneath. You can choose the leave the wash as is or put a glaze over top. You’ll see an example of each method in the images below.
I generally use the washes without glaze. This is the best way to use oxide in my opinion but it’s now up to you to find what you like and how you want to use washes. You’ll want to experiment for sure!
If you’re looking for a flexible and affordable way to add color and depth to your ceramic pieces, oxide washes are definitely worth exploring. With some experimentation and some trial and error, you can create unique and stunning pieces that will stand the test of time.
In conclusion, oxide washes are a versatile and effective technique that can help you create unique and stunning ceramics. It allows you to experiment with texture, depth, and contrast, giving you endless creative possibilities. Whether you are a seasoned ceramic artist or a beginner, incorporating an oxide wash into your ceramic work can add depth and beauty to your pieces. With the tips and techniques outlined in this article, you can start exploring the world of washes and take your ceramic art to the next level!
Red Iron Oxide on a test tile. The top is wiped back more on the left side vs the right. A clear glaze over the bottom. You can see how much the wash is incorporated into the glaze. Be aware of this when you use washes. The result may not be as you expect. You are glazing over a glaze colorant.
Cobalt on a test tile. The top is wiped back more on the left side vs the right side. A clear glaze over the bottom. You can see how much more intense this result is vs the red iron oxide wash. Cobalt is very potent (hence such small amounts used in a glaze)
Frequently Asked Questions
Can you apply iron oxide wash on greenware?
Yes, you can apply iron oxide washes on greenware. However, it is recommended that you bisque-fire the greenware first to avoid any cracking or damage to the piece during the firing process. The cracking can come from the greenware being too dry and using too much RIO wash making the dry greenware now too wet. I have done it successfully but just be aware you’re applying water to dry clay.
What is the shelf life of iron oxide wash?
Oxide powder will last for a long time if stored correctly. It is best to keep it in a sealed container, away from moisture and sunlight. If stored properly when mixed, your wash can last for years without losing its effectiveness. It may just need to be reconstituted.
Can I mix different colors of iron oxide to create different effects?
Yes, you can mix different colors of iron oxide to create different effects. Mixing different colors can help you achieve a wider range of hues and shades. However, it is important to experiment with mixing different colors in small amounts to ensure that you achieve the desired effect.
What are the different oxides I can use?
- Black Iron Oxide
- Red Iron Oxide
- Cobalt
- Yellow Ochre
- Copper Carbonate
- Chrome
Each one will produce different colors. Especially, of course, the cobalt and chrome.
Follow me on social media where I do a lot of posts on different tests I’ve done!
Hi K-Lynn,
Thanks for this great post on oxides! I’ve experimented with oxides here and there but am looking to incorporate them more into my work. I love the raw rustic look and also how it emphasizes grooves and patterns in the clay.
I was focusing my inspiration on red iron oxide but after seeing you test tile of the cobalt, I may reconsider. So vibrant and lovely!
Thanks again for all the helpful information!